Equilibrium problems in membrane structures with rigid and cable boundaries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.044Keywords:
Membrane, Footbridge, Rigid boundary, Boundary cable, Direct problem, Dual problemAbstract
This paper presents the equilibrium analysis of a membrane with rigid and cable boundaries for the so called prestressing phase. The idea of using membranes in Civil Engineering applications such as footbridges, a new technology being developed in Spain, implies higher structural responsibility and more accurate analysis procedure. The membrane and its boundary are respectively identified to a regular and negative gaussian curvature surface and a set of regular curves whose curvature depends on the structural elements, rigid or cable. Equilibrium is directly expressed by means of boundary differential problems, in terms of the membrane shape and its stress tensor. We must outline that membrane-cable interface equilibrium leads to take into account a singular condition that makes the problem more difficult. Therefore, starting from the equilibrium equations, two dual problems can be considered namely direct problem and dual problem. Both problems will be defined and analyzed, studying their principal qualitative aspects. Particularly, for the direct problem a numerical resolution procedure is proposed, in order to obtain practical results.
Downloads
References
(1) Ministerio de Fomento. Norma de construcción sismorresistente: parte general y edificación (NCSE-2002). (Real Decreto 997/2002 de 27 de septiembre, BOE de 11 de octubre de 2002). Madrid, 2002.
(2) Ministerio de Vivienda. Documento Básico SE-A. Seguridad Estructural. Estructuras de acero. Código Técnico de la Edificación. (Real Decreto 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, BOE nº 74 de 28 de marzo de 2006). Madrid, 2006.
(3) Ministerio de Vivienda. Documento Básico SE-AE. Seguridad Estructural. Acciones en la edificación. Código Técnico de la Edificación. (Real Decreto 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, BOE nº 74 de 28 de marzo de 2006). Madrid, 2006.
(4) Ministerio de Vivienda. Documento Básico SI. Seguridad en caso de Incendio. Código Técnico de la Edificación. (Real Decreto 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, BOE nº 74 de 28 de marzo de 2006). Madrid, 2006.
(5) Ministerio de Vivienda. Documento Básico SE. Seguridad Estructural. Código Técnico de la Edificación. (Real Decreto 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, BOE nº 74 de 28 de marzo de 2006). Madrid, 2006.
(6) Garrido Lagunilla, P.M. “Pensando en Jardines”. Ediciones de Horticultura S.L. Reus, 1997.
(7) Paez de la Cadena, F. “Historia de los estilos de la jardinería”. Ed. Istmo. Madrid, 1997.
(8) Porta, J.; López-Acevedo, M. y Roquero, C. “Edafología para la agricultura y el medio ambiente”. Ed. Mundi-Prensa. Madrid, 1993.
(9) Zapata, A.J. “Hidrología. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Almería”. Almería, 2001.
(10) Anon. 1974. “All on office roof - roof garden, rue-Saint-Martin, Lausanne”. Concrete Quarterly 102: 6-9.
(11) Anon. 1996. “Metropolitan Museum of Art roof garden”. Sculpture Review 45 (2): 33-33.
(12) Berndtsson, J. C., Emilsson, T. and Bengtsson, L. 2006. “The influence of extensive vegetated roofs on runoff water quality”. Science of the Total Environment 355 (1-3): 48-63. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.035 PMid:16442432
(13) Caley, M. 2003. “Low Maintenance Roof Garden”. Poetry review 93 (1): 111-111.
(14) Ciamberlini, C., Francini, F., Longobardi, G., Piattelli, M. and Sansoni, P. 2003. “Solar system for exploitation of the whole collected energy”. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 39 (2): 233-246. doi:10.1016/S0143-8166(01)00130-0
(15) Dietz M. E. 2007. “Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions”. Water Air and Soil Pollution 186 (1-4): 351-363. doi:10.1007/s11270-007-9484-z
(16) Dietz, M. E. and Clausen, J. C. 2006. “Saturation to improve pollutant retention in a rain garden”. Environmental Science & Technology 40 (4): 1335-1340. doi:10.1021/es051644f
(17) Elon, F. 1999. “Roof Garden”. Stand Magazine 40 (2): 7-8.
(18) Hammatt, H. 2002. “A world outside - Landscape architects design a detailed roof garden, providing a natural escape for patients and families at the St.-Louis Children’s Hospital”. Landscape Architecture 92 (5): 74-81.
(19) Heukelbach, J., de Oliveira, F. A. S., Kerr-Pontes, L. R. S. and Feldmeier, H. 2001. “Risk factors associated with an outbreak of dengue fever in a favela in Fortaleza, north-east Brazil”. Tropical Medicine & International Health 6 (8): 635-642. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00762.x
(20) Hien, W. N., Yok, T. P. And Yu, C. 2007. “Study of thermal performance of extensive rooftop greenery systems in the tropical climate”. Building and Environment 42 (1): 25-54. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.030
(21) Kahn, E. 1992. “A vase of country flowers + schnadelbach,terry roof-garden for a gourmet restaurant in Lyons, France”. Landscape Architecture 82 (9): 64-65.
(22) Kim, R. H., Jeong, J. W., Lee, S. H. and Gee, C. S. 2006. “Use of bauxsite minerals to control pollutant outflow in urban areas”. Eco-Materials Processing & Design VII: Materials Science Forum 510-511: 922-925. doi:10.4028/0-87849-995-4.922
(23) Kim, R. H., Lee, S. and Kim, J. O. 2005a. “Application of a metal membrane for rainwater utilization: filtration characteristics and membrane fouling”. Desalination 177 (1-3): 121-132. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.12.004
(24) Kim, R. H., Lee, S. Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. M. And Suh, J. Y. 2005b. “Developing technologies for rainwater utilization in urbanized area”. Environmental Technology 26 (4): 401-410. doi:10.1080/09593332608618545
(25) Kovac, C. 2000. “Roof garden acts as natural air conditioner (Sections of three top levels of the WestEnd-City-Center in Budapest are covered by soil nuturing countless trees, shrubs and flowers)”. Architectural Record (8): 36-36.
(26) Krajcovicova, D. 2007. “Testing the divergence of selected taxa of genus Cotoneaster, Juniperus, Picea and Viburnum - the influence of climate changes on intensive roof gardens”. Horticultural Science 34 (2): 72-76.
(27) Kronaveter, L., Shamir, U. and Kessler, A. “2001. Water-sensitive urban planning: Modeling on-site infiltration”. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management-Asce 127 (2): 78-88. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:2(78)
(28) Kumar, R. and Kaushik, S. C. 2005. “Performance evaluation of green roof and shading for thermal protection of buildings”. Building and Environment 40 (11): 1505-1511.
(29) Larre-Larrouy M. C., Albrecht A., Blanchart, E., Chevallier, T. and Feller C. 2003. “Carbon and monosaccharides of a tropical Vertisol under pasture and market-gardening: distribution in primary organomineral separates”. Geoderma 117 (1-2): 63-79. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00135-6
(30) Levinson, N. 1992. “Instant gratification extended + fager,robert project for the roof-garden of the boston federal-reserve-bank”. Landscape Architecture 82 (9): 60-61.
(31) Monterusso, M. A., Rowe, D. B. and Rugh, C. L. 2005. “Establishment and persistence of Sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications”. Hortscience 40 (2): 391-396.
(32) Montgomery, B. L. and Ritchie, S. A. 2002. “Roof gutters: A key container for Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Diptera : Culicidae) in Australia”. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67 (3): 244-246.
(33) Odeleye, F. O., Odeleye, O. M. O., Olaleye, A. O. and Yakubu, F. B. 2007. “Effect of sowing depth on emergence, growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)”. Journal of Food Agriculture & Envioronment 5 (1): 205-209.
(34) Onmura, S., Matsumoto, M. and Hokoi, S. 2001. “Study on evaporative cooling effect of roof lawn gardens”. Energy and Buildings 33 (7): 653-666. doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00134-1
(35) Panayiotis, N., Panayiota, T. and Ioannis, C. 2003. “Soil amendments reduce roof garden weight and influence the growth rate of Lantana”. Hortscience 38 (4): 618-622.
(36) Pfeffer, J., Deyton, D. and Stewart, C. 2007. “Designing a roof top horticultural therapy garden for a geriatric behavior center”. Hortscience 42 (4): 946-946.
(37) Power E. R. 2005. “Human-nature relations in suburban gardens”. Australian Geographer 36 (1): 39-53. doi:10.1080/00049180500050847
(38) Rahim, N. H. A. 2001. “Utilisation of new technique to improve the efficiency of horizontal solar desalination still”. Desalination 138 (1-3) Sp. Iss. SI: 121-128.
(39) Rinkevich, B. 2005. “Conservation of coral reefs through active restoration measures: Recent approaches and last decade progress”. Environmental Science & Technology 39 (12): 4.333-4.342.
(40) Steadman, T. A. 2000. “Up on the roof - The greening of the Pentagon (Rooftop garden project planned for the north face of the building”, Landscape Architecture by Lee-&-Liu). Landscape Architecture 90 (4): 22-22.
(41) Steinberger, H. 1998. “Health, safety and environmental risks from the operation of CdTe and CIS thin-film modules”. Progress in Photovoltaics 6 (2): 99-103. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199803/04)6:2<99::AID-PIP211>3.0.CO;2-Q
(42) Stevens, M. 1995. “The promotion of wellness + versen, michael roof garden at the Patricia-Neal- Rehabilitation-Center in Knoxville, Tennessee”. Landscape Architecture 8 (1): 64-67.
(43) Syme, G. J., Shao, Q. X., Po M. and Campbell E. 2004. “Predicting and understanding home garden water use”. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (1): 121-128. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.002
(44) Taga, T., Ichitsubo, S., Ogawa, Y. and Itoh, K. 2001. “1.9-GHz-band radio propagation characteristics in an open urban environment and tree loss prediction using a loss layer model. Electronics and Communications in Japan Part I”-Communications 84 (8): 49-61.
(45) Truex, P. 1967. “Garden on your roof”. Horticulture 45 (4): 30.
(46) Truex, P. 1969. “Conifers in winter roof garden”. Horticulture 47 (1): 44.
(47) Wong N. H., Cheong, D. K. W., Yan, H., Soh, J., Ong, C. L. and Sia, A. “2003.The effects of rooftop garden on energy consumption of a commercial building in Singapore”. Energy and Buildings 35 (4): 353-364. doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00108-1
(48) Neila, F. J., Bedoya, C., Acha, C., Olivieri, F., Barbero, M. 2008. “The ecological roofts of third generation: an new constructive materials”. Informes de la Construcción 60 (511): 15-24. doi:10.3989/ic.2008.v60.i511.742
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
