Madera en altura, estado del arte

B. Orta; J. E. Martínez-Gayá; J. Cervera; J. R. Aira

doi:10.3989/ic.71578

Autores/as

B. Orta Doctor Arquitecto. Profesor Contratado Doctor. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-1911
J. E. Martínez-Gayá Graduado en Arquitectura. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura (UPM) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-657X
J. Cervera Doctor Arquitecto. Catedrático. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-7397
J. R. Aira Doctor Ingeniero de Montes. Profesor ayudante doctor. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-5259

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.71578

Palabras clave:

Madera, edificio en altura, madera laminada, madera contralaminada, sostenibilidad, comportamiento ante el fuego, esbeltez, emisiones CO2

Resumen

El objetivo es mostrar el panorama actual de la edificación en altura con madera. Comienza con una revisión histórica desde las pagodas orientales (hasta 63m de altura) hasta las visiones de futuro (350m). Se muestra el desarrollo tecnológico que ha llevado la madera maciza hasta los productos industrializados actuales y las investigaciones en desarrollo. Se expone su comportamiento ante el fuego y las propiedades como material estructural en comparación con los materiales estructurales más utilizados para la edificación en altura: mecánicamente es tan competitivo como hormigones o aceros de alta resistencia. Ante acciones horizontales hay varias estrategias y se obtienen las esbelteces máximas alcanzables en altura. Su principal ventaja, desde el punto de vista ecológico, es su capacidad de absorber CO₂, lo que, junto con el alto nivel de prefabricación, lo convierte en una alternativa sostenible cada vez con mayor aceptación

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