Review and improvement of the water tightness degree required by the CTE DB-HS1 for building façades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.13.004Keywords:
Driving rain, wind pressure, water tightness, Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE), façade designAbstract
The Spanish Technical Building Code published in 2006 regulates the basic requirements of building façades to prevent the inadequate presence of atmospheric water inside Spanish buildings. The moisture exposure estimate, based on several climate parameters, allows adjusting these requirements for every location and façade. However, the parameters used by the Spanish Code can be improved, resulting in a more appropriate estimate of the required water tightness degree and thus in an improvable allocations of the necessary design conditions. This paper reviews these parameters, presenting other internationally applied, and analyses the moisture exposure in the Spanish territory, which would allow improving the subsequent performance of the basic requirements imposed to the façades.
Downloads
References
(1) Broto, C. (2006). Enciclopedia Broto de las patologías de la construcción. Barcelona: Links Barcelona, S.A.
(2) Lozano, A., Lozano, G., del Coz, J.J. (2006). Curso: Síndrome, patología y terapéutica de las humedades. Gijón: Autoeditor.
(3) Sanders, C. (1996). Heat, air and moisture transfer in insulated envelope parts: Environmental conditions. Final report, Annex 24, Vol. 2. Leuven: International Energy Agency. PMCid:PMC2626805
(4) Del Coz, J.J., Rabanal, F.P., García, P.J., Domínguez, J., Rodríguez, B., Pérez, J.M. (2013). Hygrothermal properties of lightweight concrete: Experiments and numerical fitting study. Construction and Building Materials, 40:543-555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.045
(5) Bornehag, C.G., Blomquist, G., Gyntelberg, F., Järvholm, B., Malmberg, P., Nordvall, L., Nielsen, A., Pershagen, G., Sundell, J. (2001). Dampness in buildings and health. Indoor Air, 11(2): 72-86. PMid:11394014
(6) World Health Organization. (2011). Environmental burden of disease associated with inadequate housing. Methods for quantifying health impacts of selected housing risks in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
(7) Ministerio de Vivienda. (2006). Código Técnico de la Edificación. Documento Básico – Salubridad. Madrid: Ministerio de Vivienda.
(8) Blocken, B., Carmeliet, J. (2004) A review of wind-driven rain research in building science. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 92(13): 1079–1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.06.003
(9) Cornick, S.M., Lacasse, M.A. (2005). A review of climate loads relevant to assessing the watertightness performance of walls, windows, and wall-window interfaces. Journal of ASTM International, 2(10): 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JAI12505
(10) Hoppestad, S. (1955). Slagregn i Norge (Lluvia batiente en Noruega, en noruego). Report no. 13. Oslo: Norwegian Building Research Institute.
(11) Lacy, R.E. (1965). Driving-rain maps and the onslaught of rain on buildings. En Proceedings of RILEM/CIB symposium on moisture problems in buildings. Helsinki. PMCid:PMC277678
(12) Blocken, B., Carmeliet, J. (2008). Guidelines for the required time resolution of meteorological input data for winddriven rain calculations on buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(5): 621-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.008
(13) Blocken, B., Carmeliet, J. (2007). On the error associated with the use of hourly data in wind-driven rain calculations on building facades. Atmospheric Environment, 41(11): 2335-2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.014
(14) Lacy, R.E. (1977). Climate and Building in Britain. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
(15) Henriques, F.M.A. (1992). Quantification of wind-driven rain. An experimental approach. A general review on driven rain and details of an experiment in Portugal to supplement existing research results in Norway, the UK and elsewhere. Building Research and Information, 20(5): 295-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613219208727227
(16) Straube, J.F., Burnett, E.F.P. (2000). Simplified Prediction of Driving Rain Deposition. En Proceedings of International Building Physics Conference, Eindhoven, (pp. 375-382). Eindhoven. PMCid:PMC97653
(17) Lacy, R.E., Shellard, H.C. (1962). An index of driving rain. The Meteorological Magazine, 91(1080): 177-84.
(18) Sahal, N. (2006). Proposed approach for defining climate regions for Turkey based on annual driving rain index and heating degree-days for building envelope design. Building and Environment, 41(4): 520-526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.004
(19) Giarma, C., Aravantinos, D. (2011). Estimation of building components' exposure to moisture in Greece based on wind, rainfall and other climatic data. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 99(2-3): 91-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.12.001
(20) Pérez, J.M., Domínguez, J., Rodríguez, B., del Coz, J.J., Cano, E. (2012). Estimation of the exposure to moisture in Spain from daily wind and rain data. Building and Environment, 57: 259-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.05.010
(21) CEN. (2009). EN ISO 15927-3 Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 3: Calculation of a driving rain index for vertical surfaces from hourly wind and rain data. European Committee for Standardization.
(22) AENOR. (2011). UNE-EN ISO 15927-3 Comportamiento higrotérmico de los edificios – Cálculo y presentación de datos climáticos. Parte 3: Cálculo de un índice de lluvia para superficies verticales a partir de datos horarios de viento y lluvia. Madrid: Asociación Espa-ola de Normalización y Certificación.
(23) Gumbel, E.J. (1958). Statistcs of extremes. New York: Columbia University Press.
(24) Pérez, J.M., Domínguez, J., Rodríguez, B., del Coz, J. J., Su-én, E. (2013). Optimised method for estimating directional driving rain from synoptic observation data. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 113: 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.001
(25) CEN. (2001). EN 12865:2001. Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements. Determination of the resistance of external wall systems to driving rain under pulsating air pressure. European Committee for Standardization.
(26) ASTM. (2009). ASTM E331-00. Standard test method for water penetration of exterior windows, skylights, doors, and curtain walls by uniform static air pressure difference. American Society for Testing and Materials.
(27) Welsh, R.E., Skinner, W.R., Morris, R.J. (1989). A climatology of driving rain pressure for Canada. Climate and Atmospheric Research Directorate Draft Report. Canada: Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service.
(28) Bsi. (1992). BS 8104 Code of practice for assessing exposure of walls to wind-driven rain. British Standards Institution.
(29) Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. (2010). Approved Document C. Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture. London: The Building Regulations.
(30) Pérez, J.M., Domínguez, J., Rodríguez, B., del Coz, J.J., Cano, E. (2013). Combined use of wind-driven rain and wind pressure to define water penetration risk into building façades: the Spanish case. Building and Environment, 64:46-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.03.004
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.







